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Define anima motrix12/8/2023 degree (1665), a plague epidemic shut down Cambridge During the next 2 years at his family farm, Newton made major advances in several fields Invented calculus (needed to solve his new equations) Fundamental discoveries in optics (later included development of the first reflecting telescope) Fundamental and universal discoveries in mechanics Newton published his findings in the Principia (1687) Galileo Determined that objects fall at the same rate, regardless of their weight Concluded that motion is a natural state (an object in motion will stay in motion until something stops it) René Descartes (1596–1650) Undisturbed motion continues in a straight line Self-sustaining circular motion therefore not possible Kepler Motion of planets due to “paddle” effect of Sun’s rays (“anima motrix” force) Magnetism accounted for ellipticity of planetary orbits Robert Hooke (1635–1703) Showed that a central force could lead to orbital motion Falling objects and planetary orbits are due to same forceĢ Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) Kepler’s Laws provide an accurate description of planetary orbits, but do not explain them Newton provided the full explanation Newton lived in England and was educated at Trinity College in Cambridge Shortly after Newton received B.A.
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